An investigation into orthogonal and oblique cutting. Analysis of orthogonal metal cutting processes semantic scholar. The cutting edge of tool is perpendicular to the work piece axis. Orthogonal and oblique cutting tool engineering and. There are two basic types of metal cutting by a single point cutting tool. Find powerpoint presentations and slides using the power of, find free presentations research about orthogonal and oblique cutting ppt.
In the oblique cutting model presented in this paper, under similarly defined crosssectional area, the average cutting force is multiplied by the cutting speed to. Cutters may have straight or helical teeth, resulting in orthogonal or oblique cutting action, respectively helical teeth lower tooth load, tool forces, chatter in conventional up milling the maximum chip thickness is at the end of the. A special case of metal cutting, where the cutting. The chip flows in a direction normal to cutting edge of the tool. Paul,department of mechanical engineering, iit kharagpur. Difference between orthogonal and oblique cutting mech4study. Aug 22, 2014 manufacturing technology orthogonal and oblique cutting orthogonal cutting the cutting edge of the tool is straight and perpendicular to the direction of motion. There are many other differences which are describe below. Displaying orthogonal and oblique cutting powerpoint presentations seminar on mechanics of metal cutting ksu faculty ppt presentation summary. Difference between orthogonal and oblique cutting orthogonal cutting in orthogonal cutting, the tool approaches the work piece with its cutting edge parallel to the uncut surface and at right angles to the direction of cutting.
Chapter 20 fundamentals of machining orthogonal machining. Single point cutting tool is the cutting tool which has only one cutting edge. Orthogonal cutting process an orthogonal metal cutting process for a controlled contact tool is depicted in figure 1 with labels illustrating the nomenclatures used in this paper. Predictive analytical and thermal modeling of orthogonal. Comparison between the orthogonal and oblique cutting. Finite element simulation of orthogonal metal cutting using.
In machining like turning, shaping etc by single point turning tool, the metal removal. Machining can be defined as the process of removing material from a workpiece in the form of chips by a sharp cutting to leave the desired part shape. Orthogonal cutting video, geometry, forces and power demonstration cutting equipmenttools design for manufacturing. Figure 1 depicts a typical oblique machining, such a process involves a 3 dimensional force system acting at the point of cutting which makes it complex for analysis and research work. Introduction and nomenclature of single point cutting tool. A thermalviscoplastic constitutive equation associated with. Kim 2 cutting processes objectives product quality. Manufacturing technology orthogonal and oblique cutting orthogonal cutting the cutting edge of the tool is straight and perpendicular to the direction of motion. The basic and main difference between orthogonal cutting and oblique cutting is that in orthogonal cutting, cutting edge of the tool is perpendicular to the direction of motion but in oblique cutting the cutting edge make an angle with the direction of motion. Orthogonal cutting video, geometry, forces and power demonstration cutting equipmenttools. In oblique cutting the angle between the cutting edge and the direction of the tool, motion is. Generalized modeling of metal cutting mechanics by. An ale threedimensional model of orthogonal, oblique metal cutting processes article pdf available in international journal of forming processes vol. Figure 2015 orthogonal tube turning ott produces a twoforce cutting operation at speeds equivalent to those used in most oblique machining operations.
Pdf an ale threedimensional model of orthogonal, oblique. Orthogonal cutting and oblique cutting mechanical education. N metal cutting operation, the position of the cutting tool is important based on which the cutting operation is classified as orthogonal cutting and oblique cutting shown in g 1. Orthogonal cutting is a type of metal cutting angle in which the direction of the cutting tool is perpendicular to the cutting edge. Various cutting parameters including tool, metal sheet and cutting process parameters have been investigated for shearing. With respect to the materials used, the cutting tool is divided into the. On the mechanism of chip formation in oblique cutting of.
Sep 28, 20 the cutting condition when chip is expected to flow along the orthogonal plane is known as orthogonal cutting. An arbitrary lagrangian eulerian ale approach is used in this paper to model continuous threedimensional orthogonal and oblique steadystate metal cutting. Cutting process variation market research conceptual design. No cutting tool is perfectly sharp, and in the idealized picture as shown in figure 2 the cutting edge is represented by a cylindrical surface joining the tool flank and tool face. In machining, steel is the largest workpiece material used in the metal cutting area. Orthogonal cutting is a type of metal cutting in which the. The basic principles are stated in the form of a primal optimization problem with an objective function subjected to constraints of the equilibrium equation, its static boundary conditions and a constitutive inequality. Orthogonal machining twoforce model cutting tool geometry is simplified from the 3d oblique geometry to a 2d orthogonal geometry. It is shown that from the standpoint of chip formation this cutting process is advisable to be treated as orthogonal free cutting with a tool whose rake is a function of the face sharpening angle and cutting edge inclination. The layer of the material with crosssection a b, is removed in the form of chips from the workpiece. Fi orthogonal cutting is also known as two dimensional metal cutting in which the cutting edge is normal to the work piece.
Effect of rake angle and feed rate on cutting forces in an. The shearing strain undergone by the metal during chip formation, and the velocities of shear and of chip flow are among. Less concentration of heat at cutting region compared to orthogonal cutting. Simulation of orthogonal metal cutting operations is very popular nowadays and there are a lot of researchers studying on this subject. In this study, from the basic knowledge of orthogonal cutting until the specific forces received. Apr 15, 2004 an analysis of the chip geometry and the force system found in the case of orthogonal cutting accompanied by a type 2 chip has yielded a collection of useful equations which make possible the study of actual machining operations in terms of basic mechanical quantities. Mechanics of metal cutting consists of study of machining process and.
Kim 3 orthogonal cutting in a lathe rake angle shear angle t o. Finite element simulation of the orthogonal metal cutting. Finite element simulation of orthogonal metal cutting. Summary the orthogonal metal cutting process for a controlled contact tool is simulated using a limit analysis.
Jossel 1865 2 forces were obtained in lathe cutting and two types of metal cutting used in industries orthogonal cutting and oblique cutting. In this study, a process model for orthogonal cutting processes is proposed. An ale threedimensional model of orthogonal, oblique. May 03, 2020 orthogonal and oblique cutting module 2 mechanics of machining lesson 6 notes edurev is made by best teachers of. Turning forces for orthogonal model end view section aa note. An eulerian reference coordinate is used to describe the steady. In orthogonal cutting, the cutting edge of the tool is at right angles to the direction of the relative motion between the tool and the work piece. In a cutting process, the position of cutting edge of the tool with respect to the workpiece is important, based on which metal cutting process are classified into two categories. In metal cutting theory, all operations performed with the wedgeshaped tool when a layer of metal is removed in the form of continuous or discontinuous chip can be conventionally divided into two general cases, termed orthogonal and oblique cutting. An investigation into orthogonal and oblique cutting processes. The basic and main difference between orthogonal cutting and oblique cutting is that in orthogonal cutting, the cutting edge of the tool is perpendicular to the direction of motion but in oblique cutting, the cutting edge makes an angle with the d.
Orthogonal cutting is a type of metal cutting in which the cutting edge of the. Removal of unwanted material in the form of chips in order to create a geometric shape. Yang department of mechanical engineering and applied mechanics, the university of michigan, ann arbor, michigan 48109, u. Simplified orthogonal machining inplane model of the cutting process. Mechanics of metal cutting feed force main cutting force.
To machine the metal blow recommended cutting speeds. According to the orthogonal cutting model, the specific cutting power is defined as the multiplication of the cutting force per unit crosssectional area and the cutting speed. This document is highly rated by students and has been viewed 372 times. Then it is subjected to the specimen to perform the machining operation. In this only one sharp point is able to remove the material from the specimen. Removal of unwanted material in the form of chips in order to. In fourth part, straight angle cutting and oblique angle cutting process has been compared to find out impact of various parameters on straight angle cutting and shearing and how these may be differentiated. In on national culture frantz fanon pdf metal cutting, international research in production.
An analysis of the chip geometry and the force system found in the case of orthogonal cutting accompanied by a type 2 chip has yielded a collection of useful equations which make possible the study of actual machining operations in terms of basic mechanical quantities. Modeling of cutting force distribution on tool edge in. Figure 1 shows the orthogonal cutting process basic elements. In orthogonal cutting operation, feed is at 90 degrees and it develops only two types of forces which are cutting force and thrust force which represents the 2d cutting action. To make the results of the simulation agree the orthogonal cutting test better, the separation surface between the. Orthogonal and oblique cutting module 2 mechanics of. The resultant too force in metal cutting is distributed over the areas of the tool that contact the chip and workpiece. Pdf comparative study of chip formation in orthogonal and. Oct 20, 2008 lecture series on manufacturing processes ii by prof. The thermomechanical coupled model includes the effects of elastoplasticity, high strain and strain rates, heat generation and friction between the chip and the tool. Metal cutting could be done either by a single point cutting tool or a multi point cutting tool.
For the 2d orthogonal mechanistic model we will ignore the longitudinal component 14. What is the difference between oblique and orthogonal cutting. This tool is associated with the machine such as lathe and shaper machine. Types of material used for making the cutting tool. Difference between orthogonal and oblique cutting mecholic. Summary the orthogonal metal cutting process for a controlled contact tool is simulated. Mrr, tool wear physics of cutting mechanics force, power tool materials design for manufacturing 2. The cutting edge is inclined at an acute angle with normal to the cutting. An ale threedimensional model of orthogonal and oblique metal cutting processes olivier pantale, roger rakotomalala, maurice touratier l. Cutting edge is 1 straight, 2parallel to the original plane surface on the work piece and 3perpendicular to the direction of cutting.
For example, three dimensional cutting mostly used in turning operations. For the 2d orthogonal mechanistic model we will ignore the radial component f t a a c f. In this work, cutting coefficient of aisi 1045 steel will be estimated using finite. Oct 23, 2016 the basic and main difference between orthogonal cutting and oblique cutting is that in orthogonal cutting, cutting edge of the tool is perpendicular to the direction of motion but in oblique cutting the cutting edge make an angle with the direction of motion. The slight difference in cutting speed between the inside and outside edge of the chip can be neglected. This process is most important since almost all the products get their final shape and size by metal removal, either directly or indirectly. In oblique cutting the angle between the cutting edge and the direction of the tool, motion is anywhere except 90 degrees. Orthogonal and oblique cutting module 2 mechanics of machining lesson 6 notes edurev notes for is made by best teachers who have written some of the best books of. Analysis of orthogonal metal cutting processes tyan 1992. An eulerian reference coordinate is used to describe the steady state motion of the workpiece relative to a stationary cutting tool. In orthogonal cutting process, the cutting edge is perpendicular 90 degree to the direction of feed.
This report has been prepared to describe research work on understanding of metal sheet cutting punching and shearing carried out in the faculty of science, technology and arts at sheffield hallam university in 20182019. In this type of cutting, the cutting edge is perpendicular to the direction of the motion of the tool. An arbitrary lagrangian eulerian ale approach is used in this paper to model continuous threedimensional orthogonal and oblique steadystate metal cutting processes. In this paper, a finite element model of a twodimensional orthogonal metal cutting process is used to simulate the chip formation, cutting forces, stress, strain and temperature distributions. These tools are made of high speed steel so these tools can be operated at high rpm. View and download powerpoint presentations on orthogonal and oblique cutting ppt. Lecture series on manufacturing processes ii by prof. For example, twodimensional cutting for square shoulder operation. As described in this chapter, since the second half this century, a lot work has been carried out for developing successful models of orthogonal metal cutting operations. Manufacturing technology theory of metal cutting metal cutting or machining is the process of producing a work piece by removing unwanted material from a block of metal, in the form of chips. The metal cutting is done by a relative motion between the work piece and the hard edge of a cutting tool. For a given feed and depth of cutting, the force acts on a small area as compared with oblique cutting, so tool life is less.
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